Deionized Water
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Deionized Water is the name given to water which has been through a purification process known as deionization. Deionization is a physical process for producing pure Deionized Water which is often used in industry or in laboratories. The deionization process involves passing water across ion beds in order to remove mineral impurities. Specially manufactured ion exchange resins are used in the resin beds and these filter out the mineral salts from Tap Water. As water passes through the porous beds of ion exchange resins, the ions in the water exchange with the ions in the resin beds, neutralising the positive and negative ions with the use of an acid and a base product such as Hydrochloric Acid and Sodium Hydroxide. This process results in the production of Deionized Water.
Most of the mineral impurities found in Tap Water can be dissolved in salts, meaning that the deionization process is quick and relatively straightforward. Deionization removes Sodium, Iron, Copper, Calcium, Chloride and Bromide from Tap Water but it does not remove uncharged organic molecules, viruses or bacteria. However, specific anion resins made with a strong base can be used to remove bacteria.
Deionized Water is often referred to as Demineralized Water, Demin Water, DI Water or DIW. The words ‘Deionized’ and ‘Demineralized’ can be spelt with a letter ‘s’ as in Deionised, Deionise, Deionisation, Demineralised, Demineralise and Demineralisation. All these names refer to the same product. Deionized Water can be further purified by passing it through a second bed of ion exchange resins, which results in Double Deionized Water (Double Deionised Water) or Double Demineralized Water (Double Demineralised Water). This is also known as Polished Water. This process produces a much higher quality of purified water with a conductivity level of less than 0.1 microsiemens per centimetre.
The degree of purity of Deionized Water is high and meets internationally recognised standards such as those set down by the European Pharmacopiea (EP), the British Pharmacopiea (BP), the United States Pharmacopiea (USP) and the Japanese Pharmacopiea (JP).
Deionized Water can also be used for the distillation process in order to produce Distilled Water of an extremely high quality. The distillation process uses equipment to heat water until boiling and the vapour is collected, cooled and condensed, with the resulting liquid being Distilled Water. However, the distillation process requires maintenance of the distillation equipment, particularly the removal of scale and build-up of impurities in the heating vessel. Also the distillation process is time-consuming and therefore Distilled Water is expensive to produce. Deionization is a relatively quick process and Deionized Water is therefore significantly cheaper than Distilled Water.
Deionized Water is normally available in a wide range of pack sizes from 1 litre, 5 litre, 25 litre and 1,000 litre Intermediate Bulk Containers (IBCs). It is recommended that Deionized Water is purchased from a reputable supplier, preferably a chemical company or specialist water manufacturing company which manufactures in accordance with an internationally recognised Standard such as ISO 9001:2000. This will help to guarantee that the Deionized Water you buy will meet all quality requirements and be fit for purpose.
Additional accreditations to look out for are ISO 14000 Environmental Standard which ensures that a company is taking a responsible attitude to the care and protection of the environment and meeting all the requirements set out in the Standard. Other recognised Standards are Investors In People (IIP) which ensures staff working for a particularly company are treated, trained and nurtured in the workplace in accordance with the Standard.
Deionized Water has many uses, in the home, the laboratory and in industry. Deionized Water car applications include use in 'topping' up lead acid batteries where the presence of ions commonly found in Tap Water could seriously reduce the lifespan of a vehicle battery. The automotive industry also uses Deionized Water in engine cooling systems of vehicles. Trace elements, minerals and other impurities commonly found in Tap Water can corrode internal engine components and can reduce the effectiveness of anti-corrosion additives which are found in antifreeze solutions. Such Deionized Water car applications are found worldwide, with Deionized Water being more commonly used in industry than Distilled Water. This is due to the fact that Distilled Water is more expensive to produce than Deionized Water, and therefore it is more expensive to buy Distilled Water.
For further information on other aspects of Deionized Water, please refer to the relevant pages of this website such as the differences between Distilled and Deionized Water, water deionization, making Deionized Water, Deionized Water UK and how to buy Deionized Water in bulk.
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